University of Central Florida (UCF) EUH2000 Western Civilization I Midterm Practice Exam

The period during which Rome was governed by the Senate is accurately identified as 509 to 31 B.C.E. This era corresponds to the Roman Republic, which was established in 509 B.C.E. after the overthrow of the last king, Tarquin the Proud. During the Republic, the Senate, comprised of Rome's patrician elite, held significant power and influence over governance, including the formulation of laws, the management of foreign affairs, and the control of financial policies.

This period highlights the Senate's crucial role in Roman political life, as it was a key institution that facilitated checks and balances within the government. The Senate initiated important political debates and decisions, reflecting the ideals of aristocratic governance that characterized the Republic.

By 31 B.C.E., the political landscape of Rome began to shift dramatically with the rise of Augustus following his victory over Mark Antony and Cleopatra. This event marked the transition from the Republic to the Empire, leading to a decline in the Senate's power as the emperors assumed greater authority. Thus, the timeframe from 509 to 31 B.C.E. encapsulates the full extent of the Senate’s influence before it became a more advisory body under imperial rule.