How did the role of the Pharaoh evolve from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom?

The evolution of the Pharaoh's role from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom reflects significant changes in Egyptian society and governance. During the Old Kingdom, Pharaohs were primarily seen as god-kings, embodying divine authority and regular involvement in religious rituals. Their power was often derived from their divinity, and they were considered intermediaries between the gods and the people.

However, as Egypt transitioned into the New Kingdom, the role of the Pharaoh began to incorporate a more pragmatic approach, especially in the context of military endeavors and territorial expansion. The New Kingdom was marked by a series of conflicts and required strong leadership in terms of military strategy and governance. Consequently, Pharaohs increasingly assumed the role of military leaders, engaging directly in campaigns to expand Egypt's borders and to secure resources.

This shift allowed Pharaohs to adapt to the changing political dynamics and the growing threats from neighboring regions. They emphasized their military prowess and success as part of their legitimacy. Although they maintained a divine status, their connection to military achievements became a vital aspect of their identity and rule.

This evolution signifies a nuanced shift in the perception and function of the Pharaoh, merging the traditional divine aspects with the practical necessities of governance and military leadership in a more complex geopolitical landscape.