What describes the primary difference between the New Kingdom and the Old Kingdom?

The primary difference between the New Kingdom and the Old Kingdom lies in the New Kingdom's emphasis on territorial expansion. During the New Kingdom, which occurred from approximately 1550 to 1070 BCE, Egypt experienced its most significant military conquests, stretching its influence beyond its borders into areas such as Nubia and the Levant. This period saw pharaohs like Thutmosis III and Ramses II leading aggressive military campaigns that not only secured resources but also enhanced Egypt's power and prestige on the international stage.

In contrast, the Old Kingdom, which lasted from approximately 2686 to 2181 BCE, is best known for its advancements in art, architecture, and centralized governance, particularly in the construction of the pyramids. While the Old Kingdom did possess a strong centralized governance structure, it was less focused on military expansion compared to the New Kingdom, indicating a significant shift in priorities and strategies during these two distinct periods of ancient Egyptian history.