What does the term "Upper Egypt" refer to in geographical terms?

The term "Upper Egypt" refers specifically to the southern region of Egypt, which is situated upriver along the Nile River. This terminology can be somewhat counterintuitive, as one might expect "upper" to designate the northern areas; however, it relates to the flow of the Nile River. Since the river flows from south to north, the regions further south along the river are termed Upper Egypt, while the northern regions are referred to as Lower Egypt.

Geographically, Upper Egypt stretches from the Nile's first cataract near Aswan to the area just south of Cairo. It is characterized by a narrower valley, more arid conditions, and significant historical sites, including ancient temples and tombs. Understanding this geographical distinction is crucial for comprehending the development of ancient Egyptian civilization, trade routes, and cultural exchanges that took place predominantly along the Nile River.