What event is traditionally associated with the end of monarchy and Etruscan domination in Rome?

The event that is traditionally associated with the end of monarchy and Etruscan domination in Rome is the rape of Lucretia. This incident is a pivotal moment in Roman history, as it is said to have catalyzed the revolt against the last Etruscan king, Tarquin the Proud. The narrative recounts how Lucretia, a noblewoman, was assaulted by Tarquin's son, leading her to take her own life in despair and shame. Her tragic fate prompted her family and supporters to rise in rebellion against the monarchy, ultimately resulting in the overthrow of Tarquin and the establishment of the Roman Republic.

This incident is emblematic of the Roman values surrounding virtue, honor, and the role of women in society, and it symbolizes the transition from tyranny to a government representative of the people. The establishment of the Republic followed this event, making it the beginning of a new political era in Rome, where power shifted from kings to elected officials. Thus, the rape of Lucretia is historically recognized as the catalyst for this significant political shift.