What geographical features surround Mesopotamia?

The correct choice identifies the Tigris and Euphrates rivers as the defining geographical features surrounding Mesopotamia. This region, often referred to as the "Cradle of Civilization," is situated between these two significant rivers, which provided essential resources for agriculture and supported the development of early urban societies. The abundance of water from the rivers facilitated irrigation, allowing for fertile land that could support large populations, leading to significant advancements in culture, trade, and governance.

While mountains and plains, deserts and forests, or cataracts and oceans may exist in relation to nearby regions, they do not characterize the heart of Mesopotamia itself. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers are central to the identity and historical significance of Mesopotamia, making this choice correct by highlighting the core aspect of its geography that shaped its civilization.