What term refers to the people who lived south of Egypt and conquered it?

The term that refers to the people who lived south of Egypt and eventually conquered it is Nubians. The Nubians inhabited the region along the Nile River, primarily in what is now southern Egypt and northern Sudan. Historically, they are known for their rich culture, advanced civilization, and powerful kingdoms, such as the Kingdom of Kush.

Nubians had a significant impact on Egyptian history, especially during periods when they conquered and ruled Egypt, notably during the 25th Dynasty, when several Nubian pharaohs ruled over both Egypt and Nubia. This period is often seen as a time of cultural blending between Nubian and Egyptian traditions.

The other terms provided do not accurately refer to the people who conquered Egypt. Mesopotamians and Babylonians were from regions in present-day Iraq and were distinguished by their own unique civilizations, but they were not located south of Egypt. The Carthaginians were located in North Africa, primarily around modern Tunisia, and while they were a significant power in the ancient Mediterranean world, they did not conquer Egypt.