Which civilization is considered the earliest on the island of Crete?

The Minoans are recognized as the earliest civilization on the island of Crete. They emerged around 2000 BCE and are known for their significant contributions to early European culture, including advancements in art, architecture, and trade. The Minoans developed a complex society characterized by large palace complexes, such as those at Knossos, which served as both administrative and ceremonial centers. Their culture was marked by distinctive frescoes, pottery, and the mysterious Linear A writing system, which has not yet been fully deciphered.

In contrast, the Mycenaeans, who followed the Minoans, flourished on the mainland of Greece around 1600-1100 BCE and were influenced by Minoan culture but were a separate entity. The Dorians, associated with the later Greek Dark Ages, came after the Mycenaean collapse and are known primarily for their role in the development of classical Greek city-states. The Romans arrived much later, with their civilization emerging around the 8th century BCE, long after the Minoan civilization had faded. Thus, the Minoans represent the earliest cultural and societal achievements on Crete, setting the foundations for future civilizations in the region.