Who was the first king of Israel?

The first king of Israel was Saul, who was anointed by the prophet Samuel. This marked the transition from a system of judges to a monarchy, establishing a central leadership for the Israelite tribes. Saul's reign is characterized by his initial military successes and unification efforts, although it was later marred by personal and political strife.

David and Solomon succeeded Saul in the leadership of Israel. David is known for establishing Jerusalem as the capital and expanding the kingdom, while Solomon is famed for his wisdom and building the First Temple. Moses, on the other hand, was a key prophetic figure in the liberation of the Israelites from Egypt and the receiving of the Law but did not serve as a king of Israel. Understanding Saul's significant role as the first king helps highlight the development of Israel's political institutions and their historical context.