Who were considered full citizens in Athenian society?

In Athenian society, full citizenship was limited primarily to free men who had completed their military training and were born to Athenian parents. This definition of citizenship meant that only a specific group within the wider population was allowed to participate in the democratic process, including voting and holding public office. Wealth was a factor, but it was not the sole criterion; however, having wealth could enhance one’s status and influence within the political system.

The other choices do not reflect the qualifications for citizenship in ancient Athens. While women, merchants, and artisans were vital to the economy and society, they did not hold full citizenship rights. Similarly, slaves and laborers, who formed a significant part of the population, were considered property and lacked any legal status as citizens. Their absence from the political sphere illustrates the exclusivity of Athenian citizenship and the societal hierarchy prevalent in ancient Greece.